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S电池作为一种新兴储能系统已引起广泛关注[6][7]。该系统具有资源丰富[8][9]、成本低廉[10]、容量大[11]和环境友好[12]等优势,同时还具备高达1675 mAh g的理论比容量和1274 Wh kg的能量密度。 %%−1然而,其实际应用受到若干固有挑战的显著制约,包括多硫化物的穿梭效应、硫及其放电产物较差的导电性、循环过程中显著的体积膨胀以及迟缓的反应动力学[14]。−1) [13]. However, its practical application is significantly constrained by several intrinsic challenges, including the shuttle effect of polysulfides, poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products, substantial volume expansion during cycling, and sluggish reaction kinetics [14].
硫电池包含纳米级金属(如Cu)、金属氧化物(如TiO2)[19][20]、金属硫化物/硒化物(如MoS2、MoSe2等)[21]、金属碳化物(VC等)以及MOF衍生结构[22][23]。此外,最新研究表明,由于优化原子比例下的协同效应,双金属催化剂通常优于单金属催化剂。而金属硫化物因其亲硫特性、相较于金属氧化物更优异的导电性以及对多硫化物的高催化活性[24][25],展现出独特优势。更重要的是,金属硫化物在硫的氧化还原反应中能保持稳定。2具有催化特性的金属硫化物(如硫化镍、硫化铁、硫化钴等)已被证实可增强反应动力学并提高硫利用率[26]。上述方法虽能发挥特定作用,但对逃逸多硫化钠无法产生更显著的吸附效果[27]。
得益于多样化的合成方法[31],S电池展现出色性能。相较于Co单金属硫化物9与NiS8[32],NiCo2因其更高极性而表现出更强的硫负载能力和多硫化物锚定效应,同时特定双金属协同作用实现了更高效的催化转化[33]。此外,其空心网状结构为硫的体积膨胀提供了充足空间,并构建了促进快速电子传输的导电网络。本研究中,NiCo2通过简单的水热法结合煅烧工艺,成功合成了一种具有碳包覆中空纳米管结构的NiCo/C复合材料,并采用熔融法将硫有效封装于中空纳米管中。以该S@NiCo4/C为正极的室温钠硫电池展现出卓越的循环稳定性。该电池在0.5C倍率下循环400次后,每圈容量衰减率仅为0.1%,充分证明了该设计的实用价值。这些优异性能使S@NiCo2作为开发下一代储能解决方案的关键组件,/C阴极正满足电动汽车及其他高能耗应用日益增长的需求。4/C with a carbon-coated hollow nanotube architecture is successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process followed by calcination, and sulfur is effectively incorporated into the hollow nanotubes using a melting method. With the S@NiCo2S4/C cathode, RT Na
S batteries exhibit outstanding cycling stability. The cell shows a minimal capacity decay of just 0.1% per cycle over 400 cycles at 0.5C, demonstrating the practical applicability of this design. The promising results position the S@NiCo2S4/C cathode as a key component in the development of next-generation energy storage solutions, catering to the growing demands of electric vehicles and other energy-intensive applications.
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